Foundation Fundamentals
Starting a Private Foundation
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Starting a Foundation
- Life Cycle of a Private Foundation – IRS Outline
- Private Foundations & Donor Advised Funds
Private Foundation vs. Public Charity Status
Private Foundations Under the Internal Revenue Code (IRC)
- Excise Tax (IRC Section 4940)
- Self Dealing (IRC Section 4941)
- Minimum Distribution Requirements (IRC Section 4942)
- Excess Business Holdings (IRC Section 4943)
- Jeopardizing Investments (IRC Section 4944)
- Taxable Expenditures (IRC Section 4945)
Private Operating Foundations
Impact Investing
- Program-Related Investments, Mission-Related Investments and Socially Responsible Investments: A Primer
- Impact Investing - Comparative Chart
- IRS Website: Program-Related Investments
- Council on Foundations: Impact Investing
International Grantmaking
- Making Grants Abroad: Expenditure Responsibility and Equivalency Determination
- New Guidelines for Equivalency Determinations - IRS Revenue Procedure 2017-53
Additional Resources
- Council on Foundations (www.cof.org)
- Council on Foundations' site on International Grantmaking (www.cof.org/resources/global-grantmaking)
- National Center for Family Philanthropy (www.ncfp.org)
- The Grantsmanship Center (www.tgci.com)
- IRS' "Lifecycle of a Private Foundation" (www.irs.gov/Charities-&-Non-Profits/Private-Foundations/Life-Cycle-of-a-Private-Foundation)
- IRS - Private Foundation Excise Taxes (www.irs.gov/Charities-&-Non-Profits/Private-Foundations/Private-Foundation-Excise-Taxes)
